Ecological Degradation and Legal Gaps in Lake Patarcocha: Comprehensive Analysis and Normative Alternatives for its Recovery in Pasco

Abstract

Lake Patarcocha is undergoing severe ecological degradation caused by urban discharges, solid waste, and mining liabilities. This study examines the environmental and legal challenges that hinder its protection, using a mixed methodology: documentary analysis of Peru's regulatory framework and a quantitative survey applied to 20 local residents. Findings reveal a high perception of pollution and a significant correlation between ecological deterioration and legal gaps (ρ = 0.723; p < 0.01). The research also identifies structural weaknesses in state oversight, limited institutional coordination, and insufficient environmental liability mechanisms. An integral regulatory framework is proposed, including the recognition of rights for the lake, the appointment of an ecological legal representative, and an interinstitutional governance system. The study concludes that restoring Lake Patarcocha requires reforming current legislation and implementing sustainable public policies with active community participation.