Anatomical Distribution of Lymph Nodes in the Rabbit Neck: A Comprehensive Morphological Study

Abstract

The cervical lymph nodes are important structures of the lymphatic system that are involved in immune surveillance and the processing of antigen in the head and neck area. The objective of this investigation was to provide a complete anatomical and morphological description of the lymph nodes distributed throughout the neck region of the domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Eight clinically healthy adult rabbits (4 male, 4 female) were used for dissection and morphological investigation. After euthanasia and fixation in 10% neutral buffered formalin, a careful systematic dissection was performed to locate, isolate, and characterize all lymph nodes in the cervical region. Each lymph node was recorded with reference to anatomical position, size, shape, color, and relationships to surrounding vascular and neurological structures. A total of 18-22 lymph nodes per individual was found in the cervical region. A scheme was established to provide for classification into mandibular, parotid, atlantal, axillary, and cervical groups depending upon anatomical location and associated structures. The mandibular nodes were consistently the largest, measuring from 8-12 mm. in length, while the smaller cervical nodes measured from 2-4 mm. This investigation will furnish detailed anatomical reference data important in veterinary clinical investigation, surgical planning and in establishing diagnostic baselines for lymphoproliferative disease. The systematic mapping and morphological characterization of cervical lymph nodes in the rabbit will furnish valuable information on normal lymphatic anatomy of this species and aid greatly in the establishment of more effective diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in veterinary medicine.