Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of The Bauhinia genus: A Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review

Abstract

The Bauhinia genus, which encompasses a broad range of species across tropical and subtropical regions, has been extensively studied for its phytochemical diversity and pharmacological potential. This review collates findings on key species such as Bauhinia variegata, Bauhinia racemosa,Bauhinia. purpurea, Buhinia championii, Bauhinia phoenicea and Bauhinia kockiana, highlighting their bioactive compounds and therapeutic effects. Phytochemical evaluation exposed the presence of flavonoids, stilbenes, steroids, saponins, tannins, and phenolic acids, which shows the biological activities. Notable compounds include quercetin, kaempferol, resveratrol, and β-sitosterol, which exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic properties, respectively.
Pharmacological investigations validated the traditional medicinal uses of the Bauhinia species. The antidiabetic effects, as demonstrated by B. candicans and B. variegata, are supported by enzyme inhibition and glucose regulation in experimental models. Antioxidant activity in B. kockiana and B. phoenicea underscores their protective effects against oxidative stress and related diseases. The genus also exhibits significant antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic effects, with B. championii and B. racemosa displaying potent anticancer properties. Additionally, B. rufescens offers neuroprotective benefits through AChE inhibition, suggesting its therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative disorders.The genus Bauhinia demonstrates remarkable versatility in traditional and experimental medicine. This review highlights its potential as a natural resource for the advancement of curing for diabetes, inflammation, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases