Self-Care in Hypertensive Patients: Relationship between Knowledge, Demographic Factors and Therapeutic Adherence

Abstract

Hypertension is among the most dangerous cardiovascular diseases due to its often silent nature. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between knowledge about hypertension, demographic factors, and treatment adherence. The methodology employed was quantitative, non-experimental, field-based, prospective, cross-sectional, and correlational. Theoretical and empirical methods were used to examine the current state of knowledge through a survey using the CSH questionnaire, administered to 125 adults aged 30 to 70 with hypertension. The results showed that of the 125 respondents, 52 had been living with the disease for approximately 5 years and demonstrated a low level of knowledge; a smaller group of 34 had been living with the disease for approximately 6 to 10 years, yet their level of knowledge was good; this same level was observed in 19 individuals who had been living with the disease for more than 10 years; however, 6 subjects demonstrated a fair level of knowledge. These findings, related to treatment adherence, show that 64 of the surveyed subjects do not adhere to their treatment and have suffered from the disease for more than 5 years, while 41 reported that they do. More men (34%) than women (27%) exhibit this behavior. In conclusion, a low level of knowledge is proportional to a lack of adherence to treatment; men show less adherence, and education level does not guarantee treatment compliance. The healthcare system still has work to do in promoting self-care and addressing hypertension.