Phytochemical Profiling and In Vitro Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Potential of Grewia Optiva Drummond
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Abstract
Background: Dandruff is a common scalp disorder primarily caused by the overgrowth of Malassezia species, along with bacterial involvement, leading to itching and flaking. The search for natural, plant-based treatments has intensified due to side effects associated with synthetic agents. Grewia Optiva Drummond, a medicinal plant traditionally used for various therapeutic purposes, has shown potential bioactive properties, including antimicrobial activity.
Objective: To evaluate the anti-dandruff and antimicrobial efficacy of extracts obtained from Grewia Optiva Drummond and to assess its potential as a natural alternative for dandruff treatment.
Methods: Bark of Grewia Optiva Drummond were collected, shade-dried, and extracted using solvents (aqueous, methanol, and ethanol). Phytochemical screening was conducted to identify bioactive compounds. The antifungal activity was evaluated against dandruff-causing fungi (Malassezia furfur, Candida albicans) using the agar well diffusion method. Antimicrobial activity was tested against bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) using standard microbiological assays. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was also determined.
Results: Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and phenols. Methanolic extract showed the highest antidandruff activity, with significant inhibition zones against Malassezia furfur (up to 20 mm). The extract also demonstrated strong antibacterial effects, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli, with MIC values ranging from 125–250 µg/ml.
Conclusion: The study confirms the anti-dandruff and antimicrobial potential of Grewia Optiva Drummond, particularly its methanolic extract. The presence of bioactive phytoconstituents supports its traditional use and highlights its potential as a natural therapeutic agent for managing dandruff and associated microbial infections.