Immunomodulatory and Histopathological Effects of Dietary Coriander Seed Powder on Liver and Kidney Tissues in Diabetic Rats

Abstract

Background: The immune system plays a central role in maintaining physiological homeostasis, and immune dysregulation is increasingly recognized as an important component of diabetes-associated metabolic and tissue abnormalities. Diabetes mellitus can impair innate and adaptive immune functions and promote oxidative stress, potentially contributing to hepatic and renal injury. This study evaluated the effects of dietary coriander seed powder on selected immune, oxidative, hematological, and histopathological parameters in diabetic rats.
Methods: Twenty-four adult albino rats were randomly allocated into four groups (n = 6): healthy control, diabetic control, and diabetic rats receiving basal diets supplemented with 1.5% or 3% coriander seed powder for 28 days. Immune status was assessed using serum IgG and IgM concentrations, lymphocyte transformation index, phagocytic activity, and killing percentage. Oxidative status was evaluated by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Hemoglobin and platelet counts were also determined, and liver and kidney tissues were examined histopathologically.
Results: Diabetic rats showed reduced immune responses and antioxidant enzyme activities, increased MDA levels, lower hemoglobin and platelet counts, and evident hepatic and renal histopathological alterations compared with healthy controls. Coriander supplementation was associated with improvements in lymphocyte transformation, phagocytic activity, killing percentage, and serum IgG and IgM concentrations. It also increased SOD, CAT, and GPx activities and reduced MDA levels. Hemoglobin and platelet counts improved, while hepatic and renal tissues showed relatively preserved architecture, particularly following 3% supplementation.
Conclusion: Dietary coriander seed powder was associated with improved selected immune and antioxidant parameters and reduced apparent tissue alterations in diabetic rats. These findings support further investigation of C. sativum as a potential nutritional intervention for diabetes-associated disturbances