Equipment-Free Resistance Training and Performance Adaptations in Women Kabaddi Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

Purpose. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Resistance Training (RT) without equipment on psychological and physical effectiveness of college level female Kabaddi players.
Materials & Methods. Thirty subjects were divided into two groups: a control group (CG), which did not receive specialized training, and an experimental group (EG), which engaged in a twelve-week resistance training program without equipment. Physiological and physical fitness characteristics were evaluated through pre-tests and post-tests. The data were analysed using ANCOVA to assess differences in means.
Results. ANCOVA revealed statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups across all selected physiological and physical fitness variables following the intervention. In the experimental group, resting pulse rate decreased from 78.6 ± 4.5 to 72.1 ± 3.8 beats/min, while breath-holding time increased from 36.2 ± 4.1 to 44.7 ± 3.9 s and vital capacity increased from 2.85 ± 0.21 to 3.21 ± 0.24 L. Significant improvements were also observed in speed, which improved from 9.45 ± 0.32 to 8.62 ± 0.28 s, explosive power increased from 142.3 ± 10.5 to 157.8 ± 9.6 cm, and muscular endurance increased from 24.5 ± 3.2 to 31.6 ± 3.5 repetitions. The corresponding F-ratios were 18.72, 29.84, 16.94, 21.37, 24.15, and 19.86, respectively, with all variables showing significant improvements at p < .05. These findings indicate that the intervention programme produced favourable improvements in physiological function and performance-related physical fitness among the participants.
Conclusions. Structured resistance and skill specific training has a significant impact on physical and physiological performance of women Kabaddi players and enhances overall game readiness and effectiveness.