The Effect of Interactive Nursing Diabetes Self-Management Education on Self-Care Knowledge and Self-Care Behavior in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

Introduction: The continued rise in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus globally poses significant challenges for healthcare systems in various countries. Interactive, nurse-led diabetes self-management education programs play a crucial role in diabetes treatment, improving patients' knowledge and skills in self-care. Aim: The purpose of this study was to analyse the impact of interactive nursing diabetes self-management education on self-care knowledge and self-care behaviour. Method: The research design employed was a randomised controlled trial (RCT) study, utilising a simple random sampling technique with sample determination based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in a sample size of 116 respondents, divided equally between the intervention and control groups, with 58 respondents in each group. The instruments used in this study were the Diabetes Knowledge Test (DKT) and the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA). Statistical analysis used the t-test with p <0.5. Results: The results showed that in the intervention and control groups, the average self-care knowledge before and after the intervention was 7.06, while the average after the self-care behaviour intervention was: diet was 3.14, exercise was 3.2, blood sugar was 226.20, foot care was 3.08, and general self-care behaviour was 3.08. Data analysis revealed that interactive diabetes self-management education, focusing on self-care knowledge and behaviour, was significantly valued, with a p-value of 0.000. Conclusion: There was a significant increase in the average scores for self-care knowledge and self-care behaviour after interactive nursing diabetes self-management education. These results confirm that interactive nursing diabetes self-management education in healthcare facilities plays a crucial role in optimising self-care management for diabetes patients.