To Compare Bone Metabolism in Maxilla and Mandible using Biochemical Markers in Gingival Crevicular Fluid During Early Orthodontic Tooth Movement

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Orthodontic tooth movement involves bone remodeling, which can be assessed through biochemical changes in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). RANKL and OPG are important markers involved in bone resorption and formation.
Aim: To compare bone metabolism in the maxilla and mandible using RANKL and OPG levels in GCF during early orthodontic tooth movement.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: GCF samples were collected from the maxillary and mandibular regions at baseline, 15 days, and 1 month after orthodontic force application. RANKL and OPG levels were assessed, and the RANKL/OPG ratio was calculated. The data were analysed using independent t-test, repeated-measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test.
RESULTS: RANKL levels showed a significant increase following orthodontic force application, with higher mandibular levels particularly in males. OPG levels showed variations between the maxilla and mandible at different time points. The RANKL/OPG ratio was highest in the male mandible at 15 days (1.56), suggesting greater bone resorption during the early phase of tooth movement.
CONCLUSION: Bone metabolism showed differences between the maxilla and mandible during early orthodontic tooth movement. The mandible, particularly in males, showed a more pronounced early bone-resorptive response.