Analysis of Social Security Conditions and Workplace Protection Mechanisms for Women Employees in Private Organizations of Dhaka City

Abstract

This systematic review examines social security conditions and workplace protection mechanisms for women employees in private organizations in Dhaka City. It synthesizes evidence on maternity and health benefits, workplace safety, anti-harassment mechanisms, grievance redress, and implementation of labour protections. A PRISMA-like search and screening process was applied across ScienceDirect, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, and findings were synthesized thematically using a Braun and Clarke-informed framework. The review identifies persistent low wages and long working hours in the ready-made garment sector, unsafe and unhealthy workplace conditions, gender-based violence and discrimination, inadequate maternity, healthcare and childcare support, weak grievance mechanisms, and particularly severe exclusion among informal and home-based workers. Protection also varies by organizational setting: formal private employment may provide higher pay but limited work-life support, NGOs may offer greater flexibility and supportive cultures, while informal arrangements provide minimal legal or social protection. The study concludes that stronger labour inspection, expanded social security coverage, effective grievance systems, and closer alignment with international labour standards are needed to translate women’s employment gains into safer and more equitable work.