Metabolic, Inflammatory, and Atherogenic Profiles Associated with Renal-Related Biochemical Markers: An Integrated Case-Control Analysis

Abstract

Metabolic, inflammatory, and atherogenic abnormalities may coexist with changes in renal-related biochemical markers. This retrospective case-control analysis evaluated an integrated biochemical profile in 379 archived records, comprising 173 cases and 206 controls. Because data availability varied across variables, analyses used available observations rather than a single common denominator. Sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, insulin, HOMA-IR, hsCRP, and conventional and derived lipid indices were evaluated. The archived case-side creatinine field consisted of zero-coded values that could not be verified as physiologic measurements; therefore, creatinine was not used for clinical interpretation or multivariable modelling in the corrected analysis. Potassium and HOMA-IR showed significant between-group differences, while several lipid and atherogenic indices provided the broadest separation. hsCRP did not differ significantly between groups and showed no significant association with the evaluated renal-related electrolyte markers. Overall, the dataset supports a multidimensional metabolic and atherogenic pattern associated with selected renal-related biochemical markers, while renal-specific interpretation remains limited by the quality and completeness of the archived renal data.