Effect of Lifestyle Modification on Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Long Covid-19 and Autoimmune Diseases: A Comparative Synthesis Study

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of lifestyle modification on Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) among patients diagnosed with autoimmune diseases who were also experiencing persistent symptoms of Long COVID-19. The study further explored the potential role of individualized lifestyle interventions as an adjunct to conventional medical management.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of structured lifestyle modification programmes on HRQoL in patients affected by autoimmune diseases and Long COVID-19. The study sought to synthesize findings from previous investigations and provide evidence regarding the effectiveness of lifestyle-based interventions in improving physical, emotional, and social well-being.
Methodology: A comparative synthesis design was adopted using findings from two previously completed experimental studies involving lifestyle modification interventions. A hypothetical synthesized cohort of 100 participants with autoimmune diseases and persistent Long COVID-19 symptoms was developed for analytical purposes. The intervention consisted of an eight-week lifestyle modification programme that included dietary optimization, physical activity, sleep regulation, stress management, mindfulness meditation, breathing exercises, and self-management strategies. Health-Related Quality of Life was evaluated using domains derived from the SF-36 questionnaire.
Results: The synthesized findings demonstrated statistically significant improvements across multiple domains of HRQoL following lifestyle modification. Notable improvements were observed in physical functioning, role physical functioning, general health, vitality, social functioning, emotional well-being, mental health, and overall health perception. Participants also reported reductions in pain, fatigue, emotional distress, and activity limitations.
Conclusion: Patients with autoimmune diseases and persistent Long COVID-19 symptoms may experience substantial improvements in HRQoL following participation in structured lifestyle modification programmes. The findings support the integration of individualized lifestyle interventions into comprehensive healthcare management strategies. Lifestyle modification appears to offer a practical, cost-effective, and patient-centered approach for improving physical, psychological, and social outcomes in this vulnerable population.