Skin Disorders Related to Chronic Renal Diseases on Hemodialysis

Abstract

Patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis may experience many types of cutaneous manifestations associated with metabolic disturbances and the cumulative action of uraemic toxins following chronic renal failure. The objective of this study is to determine types and incidence of cutaneous manifestations among patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis for chronic renal failure. A total of 100 patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis for chronic renal failure between December 2024 to March 2025 were selected for this case series study. A full patient assessment is also conducted to determine cutaneous manifestations associated with chronic renal failure among patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis.
The result showed that all patients had at least one cutaneous manifestation associated with chronic renal failure. The most common dermatologic manifestations were pallor, itching, and xerosis, all of which were found to have a 100% frequency among all patients. Additionally, hyperpigmentation was also present among 74% of patients, followed by petechiae found among 40% of patients, ecchymosis among 30% of patients, and accentuated wrinkling of the skin among 30% of patients as well. Similarly, nail abnormalities also presented high frequency among patients: half and half nails among 76% of patients, koilonychia among 48% of patients, and splinter hemorrhages among 28% of patients. Other abnormalities include xerostomia among 88% of patients and mucosal ulcers among 52% of patients. Other associated findings also showed 42% among all participants for patients reporting changes associated with their hair.